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ST8002
SmartPilot
Controller
Operating Guide
Document reference: 81271-1
Date: December 2005
i
Important Information
About the documentation provided
Welcome to Raymarine SmartPilot. The autopilot system that will steer your boat
to a heading automatically, accurately, reliably and comfortably.
SmartPilot documentation is arranged so that you can install, commission and
quickly use your SmartPilot, keeping to hand only the information necessary.
•
Installation Sheets- One per element of the system, these easy to under-
stand sheets guide you through the installation process. These can be dis-
carded once the installation is complete.
•
•
•
SmartPilot Commissioning Guide - Describes how to connect, commis-
sion and configure the system. Supplied with systems only.
Quick Start Guide - Once commissioned, use your Smart Pilot right away
with this handy guide to the main operations.
Operating Guide - This handbook. Contains a detailed description of the
SmartPilot’s features and functions.
Warranty
To register your new Raymarine product, please take a few minutes to fill out the
warranty card. It is important that you complete the owner information and
return the card to us to receive full warranty benefits. You can also register online
Safety notices
WARNING: Calibration
We supply this product calibrated to default settings that should
provide initial stable performance for most boats. To ensure
optimum performance on your boat, you must complete the
procedures in SmartPilot Commissioning Guide before use.
WARNING: Navigation aid
Although we have designed this product to be accurate and
reliable, many factors can affect its performance. As a result, it
should only be used as an aid to navigation and should never
replace common sense and navigational judgement. Always
maintain a permanent watch so you can respond to situations as
they develop.
ii
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Your Raymarine SmartPilot will add a new dimension to your boating enjoyment.
However, it is the skipper’s responsibility to ensure the safety of the boat at all
times by following these basic rules:
•
Ensure that someone is present at the helm AT ALL TIMES, to take manual
control in an emergency.
•
•
Make sure that all members of crew know how to disengage the autopilot.
Regularly check for other boats and any obstacles to navigation – no matter
how clear the sea appears, a dangerous situation can develop rapidly.
•
•
Maintain an accurate record of the boat’s position by using either a naviga-
tion aid or visual bearings.
Maintain a continuous plot of your boat’s position on a current chart. Ensure
that the locked autopilot heading will steer the boat clear of all obstacles.
Make proper allowance for tidal set – the autopilot cannot.
•
Even when your autopilot is locked onto the desired track using a navigation
aid, always maintain a log and make regular positional plots. Navigation sig-
nals can produce significant errors under some circumstances and the autopi-
lot will not be able to detect these errors.
Product disposal
Waste Electrical and Electronic (WEEE) Directive
The WEEE Directive requires the recycling of waste electrical and
electronic equipment.
Whilst the WEEE Directive does not apply to some of Raymarine's products, we
support its policy and ask you to be aware of how to dispose of this product.
The crossed out wheelie bin symbol, illustrated above, and found on our products
signifies that this product should not be disposed of in general waste or landfill.
Please contact your local dealer, national distributor or Raymarine Technical
Services for information on product disposal.
EMC Conformance
All Raymarine equipment and accessories are designed to the best industry
standards for use in the recreational marine environment. Their design and
manufacture conforms to the appropriate Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
standards, but correct installation is required to ensure that performance is not
compromised.
Important Information
iii
Handbook information
To the best of our knowledge, the information in this handbook was correct when
it went to press. However, Raymarine cannot accept liability for any inaccuracies
or omissions it may contain. In addition, our policy of continuous product
improvement may change specifications without notice. As a result, Raymarine
cannot accept liability for any differences between the product and the
handbook.
iv
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
v
Contents
Important Information ................................................................................................. i
About the documentation provided ........................................................................ i
Safety notices .......................................................................................................... i
WARNING: Calibration................................................................................ i
Product disposal ..................................................................................................... ii
Handbook information .......................................................................................... iii
Contents ............................................................................................................................ v
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation ............................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
Extended systems............................................................................................. 2
1.2 Using the control unit ....................................................................................... 2
Start-up mode.......................................................................................... 3
What does the display tell me? ......................................................................... 4
1.3 Using the SmartPilot to steer your boat ............................................................ 5
How do I return to hand steering? .................................................................... 5
How do I change course in Auto mode?............................................................ 5
Can I dodge an obstacle and then resume course? ........................................... 6
Can I use the SmartPilot to power-steer my boat? ............................................ 6
How do I activate power steering? .......................................................... 7
How do I quickly center the rudder? ........................................................ 7
How do I leave Power Steer mode? ......................................................... 7
1.4 How do I adjust the performance of my SmartPilot? ........................................ 8
Off Course warning......................................................................................... 10
1.5 Can I adjust the display lighting & contrast? .................................................. 10
How do I adjust the lights? ............................................................................. 10
How do I adjust the contrast? ......................................................................... 11
vi
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation ...............................................................................13
2.1 How do I follow a route set on a Chartplotter? ...............................................13
How do I activate Track mode?........................................................................13
How do I leave Track mode?............................................................................14
What is Cross track error? ...............................................................................14
Tidal stream compensation.............................................................................15
2.2 Using Wind Vane mode – sail boats ...............................................................18
What is Wind Vane mode? ..............................................................................18
Wind information............................................................................................18
WindTrim ............................................................................................... 18
How do I select Wind Vane mode? ..................................................................18
What is a Wind Shift warning? ........................................................................20
2.3 How do I display boat data? ...........................................................................20
Can I display Waypoint names?.......................................................................21
Warning messages..........................................................................................22
Shallow warning (SHALLOW).............................................................. 22
Man Overboard warning (MOB)........................................................... 22
2.4 User Calibration Options ................................................................................22
How do I access User Calibration settings? .....................................................22
User Calibration pages....................................................................................23
AutoTack angle (SAILBOAT only) ........................................................... 23
Gybe inhibit (SAILBOAT only)................................................................. 23
Wind selection (SAILBOAT only)............................................................. 23
WindTrim (SAILBOAT only)..................................................................... 23
Response level ....................................................................................... 23
Contents
Chapter 3: Fault Finding & Maintenance ...............................................................25
3.1 Fault finding ................................................................................................... 25
SmartPilot alarm messages ............................................................................ 26
3.2 General maintenance ..................................................................................... 28
Routine checks................................................................................................ 28
Cleaning the display ....................................................................................... 28
EMC advice.....................................................................................................29
Product support.............................................................................................. 29
World wide web..................................................................................... 29
Telephone help line................................................................................ 29
Help us to help you ................................................................................ 30
Product details table .............................................................................. 31
Specifications................................................................................................................ 33
ST8002 control unit .............................................................................................. 33
SmartPilot computer functions ............................................................................. 33
Glossary........................................................................................................................... 34
Index................................................................................................................................. 37
viii
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
1
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
1.1 Introduction
DISP
RESP
TRAC
K
W
V
RES'M
AUT
O
The SmartPilot controller is a SeaTalk® compatible autopilot control unit. It is
designed as the main controller for the SmartPilot system.
The SmartPilot controller operates in the following modes:
•
•
•
Standby: SmartPilot off. You have manual control of the boat.
Auto: The SmartPilot steers the boat to maintain a locked heading.
Track: The SmartPilot steers the boat to maintain a track between two way-
points created on a navigation aid.
•
WindVane:The SmartPilotsteers the boat tomaintain a course relativeto a
true or apparent wind angle.
The SmartPilot controller also provides:
•
automatic tack (AutoTack) in Auto and Wind Vane modes.
•
waypoint advance feature in Track mode.
SmartPilot Functions
The functions provided with your SmartPilot system depend on whether the
SmartPilot computer contains an internal GyroPlus yaw sensor.
2
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
:
S1G, S2G and S3G systems
(with GyroPlus)
Non-G systems
(without GyroPlus)
Internal GyroPlus yaw sensor provides Fullbasicfunctionality: usesRaymarine
enhanced course keeping using AST
(Advanced Steering Technology)
steering algorithm without AST
Steering to true and apparent wind in Steering to true and apparent wind in
Wind Vane mode
Wind Vane mode
Equipped with AutoLearn, Raymarine’s
self-learning calibration system
Extended systems
You can connect the SmartPilot controller to other Raymarine SeaTalk equipment
so it can send and receive SeaTalk data:
•
•
•
it can use waypoint information from a SeaTalk navigation instrument to pro-
vide track control.
it canuse boatspeed fromaSeaTalkspeed instrument tooptimizetrack-keep-
ing performance.
it can use wind information from a SeaTalk wind instrument for Wind Vane
steering.
You can also use the SmartPilot with any navigator or wind instrument that
transmits National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) 0183 data.
The SmartPilot control unit can display SeaTalk and NMEA instrument data in a
user-defined selection of data pages.
For further information on other connections to your system see SmartPilot
Commissioning Guide.
1.2 Using the control unit
Switching on and off
All the time that power is applied to the SmartPilot controller, you can use the
disp button to switch the instrument off and on as follows:
•
To switch the SmartPilot controller off, ensure it is in the Standby mode, then
hold down the disp buttonfor approximately 5 seconds. After this time, a
switch off count down of 4 seconds occurs. Keep the
during this period, to switch off the instrument.
disp button pressed
•
To switch the instrument back on, hold down the
imately 1 second.
disp button for approx-
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
3
When the power supply is switched off, the SmartPilot controller buttons have no
effect.
Notes: (1) Each time power to the SmartPilot controller is switched on, the control-
ler is initially in the on condition. You do not need to use the
button to switch the controller on.
disp
(2) When the SmartPilot controller is on, the operation of the
will perform other operating functions, as described below.
disp button
Start-up mode
The SmartPilot always powers up in Standby mode with the display showing the
boat’s current compass heading.
Note: You can press standby at any time to return to manual steering.
Keypad functions
The SmartPilot is controlled using simple push-button and rotary control
operations, all of which are confirmed with a short beep. In addition to the main
single-button functions, there are several dual-button operations.
disp
&
Press to scroll through
calibration parameters.
Press to adjust
Press to display
data pages
Press for 1 second
for lamp adjust
response and gain
Press for 3 seconds
for contrast adjust
rotary control
Press for 9 seconds
(in Standby mode)
for power down
In Auto mode, turn to
change locked heading.
In Power Steer mode:
turn to steer boat.
press in to center
rudder.
When powered
down, press for 1
second to power up
mode
resp
Press to display response level
Press for 1 second for rudder gain
track
Press for Track mode from Auto mode
(if a navigator is connected)
Press to accept waypoint advance
Press for 1 second to skip waypoint
standby
auto
Press for Auto mode
Press for Standby mode
Press for 2 seconds
to enter Calibration mode
mode
Press to select Power Steer mode
standby plus auto
Press for Wind Vane mode
(if a wind vane is connected)
res'm
Press to resume previous course
D6337-2
4
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
What does the display tell me?
The SmartPilot display screen provides the following information:
Autopilot mode indicators
GyroPlus indicator (appears if a
yaw sensor is connected to the autopilot)
Variable text area (up to 9 characters)
Distance units:
• no units = kilometres
• nm = nautical miles
• SM = statute miles
Heading indicators
Port and Starboard
direction-to-steer
indicators
Calibration mode indicator
(displayed on calibration pages)
Rudder position indicator
D5458-2
The bar graph at the bottom of the screen indicates the current position of the
rudder, as measured by the rudder position sensor.
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
5
1.3 Using the SmartPilot to steer your boat
CAUTION: Maintain a permanent watch
Automatic course control makes it easier to sail a boat, but it is
NOT a substitute for good seamanship. ALWAYS maintain a
permanent watch by the helm.
How do I automatically steer to a heading?
1. Steady the boat on the required heading.
2. Press auto.
The SmartPilot is now in AUTO mode and will steer to the chosen heading,
shown on the display. This mode is often known as “point-and-shoot”.
D5515-2
How do I return to hand steering?
Press standby to disengage the SmartPilot:
•
inSTANDBYmode, you have manualcontrol of theboatand thedisplay
shows the boat’s current compass heading.
D4209-3
How do I change course in Auto mode?
In Auto mode, use the rotary control to change the locked heading. For example,
turn the rotary control anti-clockwise for a course change to port.
6
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Port
Starboard
D6338-1
Can I dodge an obstacle and then resume course?
Toavoid anobstaclewhenyourboatisunderautopilotcontrol, youcandodgethe
obstacle and then resume your previous course.
Obstacle
Original
course
Dodge
D6339-1
1. Select a course change in the appropriate direction. For example, turn the
rotary control anti-clockwise for a dodge to port.
2. When safely clear of the obstacle, reverse the previous course change (for
example, turn the rotary control clockwise).
Can I use the SmartPilot to power-steer my boat?
The SmartPilot has an inbuilt Power Steer feature. This gives you direct control of
the rudder via the rotary control, in place of the helm. This offers huge benefits
over conventional steering. You can set the rudder at a particular angle and the
autopilot drive system will keep the rudder at that angle until commanded
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
7
otherwise. Power Steer mode includes Quick Center, which will center the rudder
at any time, in one simple operation.
How do I activate power steering?
To activate Power Steer mode:
1. Press mode.
2. The display will show PWR STEER, indicating power steer mode is active.
PWR STEER
D6410-1
3. Use the rotary controlto steer the boat. The rudder position is displayed in
the bar at the bottom of the display.
D6411-1
How do I quickly center the rudder?
To quickly center the rudder in power steer mode, press and release the rotary
control.
How do I leave Power Steer mode?
To leave Power Steer mode either:
•
press standby to return to manual steering via the helm.
•
press auto to proceed on the current heading under autopilot control.
8
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
SmartPilot?
The principal method of adjusting the performance of SmartPilot systems is by
changing the response level. This is the only user adjustment you should need to
make to your SmartPilot on a regular basis.
The response level controls the relationship between the SmartPilot’s course
keeping accuracy and the amount of helm/drive activity. When you turn on your
SmartPilot it will always be at the default level. (This level can be adjusted in User
Calibration see page 23)
When you require extra tight course keeping (e.g. for pilotage in confined and
sheltered waters), increase the setting. If you want to minimize drive activity and
conserve battery power, decrease the setting.
You can make temporary adjustments to the response level when using your
SmartPilot on a day-to-day basis. By doing this you can match performance to
conditions as they occur.
Note: You will lose these temporary changes to response level whenever the system is
powered off. Youcan makepermanent adjustments in User Calibration (See page23). This
determines the default power-up response level.
Adjusting performance – S1G, S2G and S3G systems
S1G, S2G and S3G systems have 9 levels of response:
•
level 9 to 7 give the tightest course keeping and greatest rudder activity
(and power consumption). This can lead to a rough passage in open waters as
the SmartPilot may ‘fight’ the sea.
•
•
levels 6 to 4 should give good course keeping with crisp, well controlled
turns under normal operating conditions.
level3to1 minimizestheamountofpilotactivity. Thisconservespower,but
may compromise short-term course-keeping accuracy.
With these points in mind, you should use the following procedure to make
temporary adjustments to the response level when required:
1. Display the RESPONSE screen by pressing the resp button momentarily.
Note: The RESPONSEscreen is set as a default data page (see SmartPilot Commis-
sioning Guide) so you can also access it by pressing disp and then scrolling through the
data pages.
2. Press the up or down arrow buttons to change the response level.
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
9
Decrease
response
Increase
response
D5453-2
3. Press disp or wait for 5 seconds to return to the previous display.
Adjusting performance – Non-G systems
Non-G SmartPilot systems have three different response levels:
•
Response Level 1: AutoSeastate on (Automatic deadband)
The SmartPilot will gradually ignore repetitive boat movements and only
react to true variations in course. This provides the best compromise between
power consumption and course keeping accuracy.
•
•
Response Level 2: AutoSeastate off (Minimum deadband)
This setting provides tighter course keeping but will lead to increased power
consumption and drive unit activity.
Response Level 3: AutoSeastate off + yaw damping
This setting provides the tightest possible course keeping by introducing
counter rudder yaw damping You can adjust the counter rudder setting in
Dealer Calibration (see SmartPilot Commissioning Guide).
To make a temporary change to the response setting:
1. Display the RESPONSEscreen by pressing the resp button.
2. Press the up arrow or down arrow buttons to change the response between
levels 1 to 3.
3. Press disp or wait for 5 seconds to return to the previous display.
Note: You will lose these temporary changes to response level whenever the system is
powered off. You can make permanent adjustments in User Calibration (see page 23).
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ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Off Course warning
= deviation to port
= deviation to starboard
D4229-3
TheSmartPilotwarnsyouwhenyouhavebeenoffcoursefromthelockedheading
for longer than 20 seconds. It shows whether the deviation is to port or starboard.
Note: The default off course angle is set at 20º. You can adjust this angle in Dealer Cali-
bration (see SmartPilot Commissioning Guide).
1. To cancel the off course warning, press standby to return to manual steer-
ing.
2. Check whether your boat is carrying too much sail, or whether the sails are
badly balanced. You can usually significantly improve course keeping by
improving the sail balance.
Note: The SmartPilot also clears the warning if the heading recovers or if you change
course.
1.5 Can I adjust the display lighting & contrast?
How do I adjust the lights?
You can adjust the display and keypad lighting by:
1. Pressing disp for 1 second from any mode to access the LAMPscreen and
turn on the lights.
2. Press the disp button to cycle through the possible illumination settings:
LAMP 3 (the brightest setting), LAMP 2, LAMP 1, OFF, LAMP 1,
LAMP 2, LAMP 3 and so on:
•
as you change the setting, the illumination on any other SeaTalk instru-
ments or control units will also change.
Chapter 1: SmartPilot Operation
11
1 second
D5517-2
3. The display automatically returns to the previous mode if you do not press a
button for 10 seconds:
•
if you press another mode button within 10 seconds you will select the
mode assigned to that button (for example: auto selects Auto mode,
standby selects Standby mode).
Notes: (1) You canalso adjust thelighting levelfrom anyotherSeaTalk instrument
or control unit.
(2) When you switch off the unit you lose any changes you have made to
the lighting level.
How do I adjust the contrast?
To set the display contrast level:
1. With the autopilot in Standby mode, press the disp button for one second to
access the LAMPscreen.
2. Press the disp button for one second again, to display the CONTRAST
screen.
3. Use the up and down arrow buttons to set the required contrast level (from
1to 15).
4. The display automatically returns to the previous mode if you do not press a
button for 10 seconds:
Note: if you press another mode button within 10 seconds you will select the mode as-
signed to that button (for example: auto selects Auto mode, standby selects Standby
mode).
12
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
13
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
2.1 How do I follow a route set on a Chartplotter?
CAUTION: Safety in Track mode
Track mode provides accurate track keeping even in complex
navigational situations. However, it is still the skipper’s
responsibility to ensure the safety of their boat at all times
through careful navigation and frequent position checks. Track
mode assists precise navigation and removes the tasks of
compensating for wind and tidal drift. However, you MUST still
maintain an accurate log with regular plots.
In Track mode, the SmartPilot maintains a route between waypoints created on a
navigation system. It makes any course changes necessary to keep your boat on
course, automatically compensating for tidal streams and leeway.
Track mode is available only if you have connected the SmartPilot to a suitable
navigation system providing SeaTalk or NMEA information. (See SmartPilot
Commissioning Guide for connection details)
Your SmartPilot system can receive route information from:
•
a SeaTalk navigation instrument or chartplotter.
•
a navigation system transmitting data in NMEA 0183 format.
How do I activate Track mode?
CAUTION: Make suitable preparations for entering track mode
When you enter Track mode, the SmartPilot will bring the boat
onto the track in a controlled way. The closerthe boatis tothecor-
rect heading and track, the quicker it will settle the boat onto the
new course. To avoid an unexpected turn, align the boat approxi-
mately with the required track before entering Track mode.
Starting with the SmartPilot in AUTO mode and your chartplotter following a
route.
1. Press track to enter Track mode.
2. Wait for the warning to sound.
The display will show the bearing to the next planned waypoint and the direc-
tion in which the boat will turn to reach this waypoint.
14
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
3. If it is safe for the boat to turn onto the new course, press the track button:
•
•
the SmartPilot will turn the boat onto the new course.
the display will show the heading required to achieve the required track.
Notes: (1) The rate of turn when in Track mode is set using the TURN RATEcali-
bration setting. Adjust this as appropriate for optimum comfort.
(2) If the boat is more than 0.3 nm from the track, the Large Cross Track Error
warning will sound (see page 14).
Automatic track acquisition
Waypoint at 270˚
Waypoint at 270˚
Current
heading
Previous
heading
From auto mode, press track to enter Track mode . . . . . . then press track again to turn boat to waypoint.
How do I leave Track mode?
You can leave Track mode at any time by:
•
pressing auto to return to Auto mode.
•
pressing standbyto steer manually in Standby mode.
What is Cross track error?
Cross track error (XTE) is the distance between the current positionand a planned
route. The SmartPilot receives the cross track error information from the
navigation equipment, and displays the XTE in nautical miles (nm), statute miles
(SM) or kilometres (km).
If the cross track error is greater than 0.3 nm, the SmartPilot will sound the Large
Cross Track Error warning and show whether you are to the port (Pt) or starboard
(Stb) of the planned track.
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
15
Waypoint 2
Cross track error (XTE)
more than 0.3 nm
Actual route
Planned route
Waypoint 1
Tidal stream compensation
Under mostconditions, the SmartPilotwillholdtheselected track towithin 0.05
nm (300 ft) or better. It takes account of the boat’s speed when computing course
changes to ensure optimum performance.
Waypoint 2
Boat's speed over ground
Tidal component
Boat's speed through water
Waypoint 1
D3261-3
How do I dodge an obstacle in Track mode?
In Track mode you still have full control from the keypad.You can make a dodge
maneuver by using the rotary control to select the desired course change.
On making a dodge maneuver, the autopilot will revert to AUTO mode. Once you
are safely past the obstacle, reinitiate Track mode to continue on your planned
route.
16
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
What happens when I arrive at a waypoint?
As the boat arrives at the target waypoint the chartplotter will select the next
target waypoint and transmit this to the SmartPilot. It will then detect the new
target waypoint name, sound a Waypoint Advance warning and display the
Waypoint Advance (NEXT WPT) screen. This shows the new bearing to the next
waypoint and the direction the boat will turn to acquire the new track.
Waypoint arrival and advance
Next target
waypoint at 270˚
New target
waypoint at 270˚
Target
waypoint
Old target
waypoint
Waypoint arrival
Waypoint advance
D5446-2P
How do I get to the next waypoint in a route?
When the Waypoint Advance warning sounds, the SmartPilot suspends Track
mode and maintains the current boat heading.To advance to the next waypoint:
1. Check that it is safe to turn onto the new track.
2. Press the track button. This will cancel the Waypoint Advance warning and
turn the boat towards the next waypoint.
Note: If you do not press track to accept the Waypoint Advance, the SmartPilot will
maintain the current heading and continue sounding the warning.
How do I skip a waypoint? (SeaTalk chartplotters)
If you want to advance to the next waypoint before you have arrived at the
target waypoint, you can skip a waypoint by pressing track for 1 second. The
displaywillthenshowtheWaypointAdvancescreenforthenextwaypoint. Check
it is safe to turn, then press track to turn the boat towards the next waypoint.
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
WARNING: Ensure navigation safety
17
Skipping a waypoint will take you straight to the next waypoint.
Check your navigation before making the turn.
What is the Waypoint Advance warning?
The SmartPilot activates the Waypoint Advance warning (NEXT WPT?) in Track
mode whenever the target waypoint name changes. This occurs when:
•
you select automatic acquisition by pressing track from Auto
•
you request waypoint advance by pressing track for 1 second in Track mode
(with SeaTalk navigators only)
•
•
the boat arrives at the target and the navigator accepts the next waypoint
you activate the Man Overboard (MOB) function (see page 22)
When the warning sounds, the SmartPilot continues on its current heading but
displays:
•
the bearing to the next waypoint
•
the direction the boat will turn to take up that bearing
How do I respond to a Waypoint Advance warning?
To respond to a Waypoint Advance warning:
•
check that it is safe to turn onto the new track, then press track to accept the
waypoint advance
•
alternatively, you can cancel the warning without accepting the waypoint
advance by pressing:
•
•
auto to continue on the same heading, or
standby to return to manual control
What happens when I get to the end of the route?
The SmartPilot displays the ROUTE COMPLETED warning when you have
reached the last waypoint on a route in Track mode.
•
press auto to continue on the same heading.
•
or press standbyto return to manual control.
18
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
2.2 Using Wind Vane mode – sail boats
Note: You can only select Wind Vane mode if the SmartPilot is receiving suitable SeaTalk
or NMEA wind direction information.
What is Wind Vane mode?
When the SmartPilot is in Wind Vane mode it uses the fluxgate compass as the
primary heading reference. As changes in the true or apparent wind angle occur,
it adjusts the locked heading to maintain the original wind angle.
Wind information
of the following sources:
•
•
•
SeaTalk wind instrument connected to the autopilot via SeaTalk
NMEA wind instrument
Raymarine pushpit wind vane connected via a SeaTalk interface
True and apparent wind
SmartPilots can maintain a course relative to either an apparent or true wind
angle in Wind Vane mode
The default setting is apparent wind. If required, you can change this to true wind
in User Calibration (see page 23).
WindTrim
In Wind Vane mode the SmartPilot uses WindTrim to eliminate the effects of
turbulence and short term wind variations. This provides smooth and precise
performance with minimal power consumption. You can adjust the wind
response(WindTrim)levelinUserCalibration(seepage23)tocontrolhowquickly
the SmartPilot responds to changes in the wind direction. Higher wind trim
settings will result in a pilot that is more responsive to wind changes.
How do I select Wind Vane mode?
You can select Wind Vane mode from either Standby or Auto mode:
1. Steady the boat onto the required wind angle.
2. Press standby and auto together to select Wind Vane mode and lock the
current wind angle:
•
the display shows the locked heading (e.g. 128°) and the wind angle
(e.g. WIND 145P indicates an wind angle of 145° to port)
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
19
•
if the SmartPilot does not enter Wind Vane mode, it is not receiving wind
data - check the instrument and connections
+
MAG
D3565-6
3. In Wind Vane mode, the SmartPilot will then adjust the boat’s heading to
maintain the locked wind angle.
How do I leave Wind Vane mode?
You can leave Wind Vane mode by:
•
pressing auto to return to Auto mode.
•
pressing standby to return to manual control.
How do I adjust the locked wind angle
You can adjust the locked wind angle by using the rotary control to change
course. For example, to bear away when the boat is on a starboard tack:
•
turn the rotary control anti-clockwise– the locked wind angle and
locked heading will both change.
•
the autopilot will then adjust the locked heading as required to maintain the
new wind angle.
Note: Because turning the boat affects the relationship between the true and apparent
wind angles, you should only use this method to make minor adjustments to the wind an-
gle. For major changes, return to Standby mode, steer onto the new heading, then reselect
Wind Vane mode.
How do I dodge an obstacle in Wind Vane mode?
In Wind Vane mode you still have full control from the keypad. You can make a
dodge maneuver by using the rotary control to select the desired course
change.
After you have avoided the hazard, you can cancel the dodge course change by
making an equal course change in the opposite direction.
20
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
What is a Wind Shift warning?
If the autopilot detects a wind shift of more than 15° it will sound the wind shift
warning and display the WIND SHIFT message:
•
To cancel the warning, and retain the existing wind angle and new heading,
press standby and auto together.
•
Alternatively, to cancel the warning and return to the previous heading:
•
•
adjust the locked wind angle using the rotary control.
press standby to return to hand steering, steer onto the required head-
ing, and press standby and auto together to return to Wind Vane mode
with the new wind angle.
Operating hints for Wind Vane mode
•
•
•
Always trim your sails carefully to minimize the amount of standing helm.
Reef the headsail and mainsail a little early rather than too late.
In Wind Vane mode the SmartPilot will react to long-term wind shifts, but will
not correct for short-term changes such as gusts.
•
In gusty and unsteady inshore conditions, it is best to sail a few degrees fur-
ther off the wind so that changes in wind direction can be tolerated.
2.3 How do I display boat data?
Use the dispbutton to show ‘data pages’ of SeaTalk or NMEA data:
1. Press disp to access the first data page, and press it again to cycle through
each data page in turn:
•
•
when you cycle past the last data page, the display returns to the current
SmartPilot mode screen (for example, AUTO).
4 data pages are set in the factory as a default (see diagram): within User
setup you can select up to 15 pages and control the information they dis-
play (see SmartPilot Commissioning Guide).
Notes: (1) If the SmartPilot system cannot obtain the required information, the data
page will show dashes instead of a value.
(2) The direction-to-steer arrows relate to the data page information.
(3) Most data pages show repeated data so you cannot adjust them: the
exceptions are the RESPONSE and RUDDER GAINdata pages,
which you can adjust using the up/down arrow buttons
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
21
Default data pages
Data page 4
Data page 3
Data page 1
Data page 2
Autopilot mode
Press for 1 sec to
return to previous
data page
D5456-2
Can I display Waypoint names?
If waypoints have been given names, the SmartPilot controller will display them
on the Cross Track Error (XTE), Bearing To Waypoint (BTW) and Distance To
Waypoint (DTW) data pages:
•
•
•
waypoint names of five characters or less are displayed together with the
page name (as shown by screen A below).
waypoint names of more than five characters alternate with the page name
(as shown by screen B below).
if the waypoint name has more than nine characters, the display only shows
the first nine characters.
A
B
D4326-3
22
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Warning messages
Shallow warning (SHALLOW)
The SmartPilot shows the Shallow warning if it receives a shallow depth message
from an instrument on the SeaTalk system. Press standby or disp to cancel the
warning.
Man Overboard warning (MOB)
The SmartPilot activates the Man Overboard warning if it receives a man
overboard (MOB) message from another instrument on the SeaTalk system. It
displays the text MOB instead of the waypoint number for the XTE, DTW and
BTW data pages.
2.4 User Calibration Options
The calibration information in this handbook relates to only those settings that
can be adjusted during normal operation (USER CAL). For information on all
available calibration settings, see SmartPilot Commissioning Guide.
Note: Many of the settings are sailboat specific and will only be displayed if your vessel
type is set to SAILBOAT.
How do I access User Calibration settings?
You can only access the calibration mode from Standby mode:
1. With theSmartPilot inStandbymode, press and hold the standbybuttonfor
2 seconds. The display will change to show DISPLAY CAL.
2. Press the disp button once, the display will now show USER CAL.
3. Press auto to enter User Calibration.
The first page of User Calibration will now be displayed.
4. Toaccess other User Calibration pages, press dispto scroll down through the
items within that grouping:
5. When you reach an item you wish to adjust, use the rotary control to
change the value.
6. When you have made all the changes you want to make, press and hold
standby for two seconds to exit calibration mode and save changes.
Chapter 2: Advanced Operation
23
User Calibration pages
AutoTack angle (SAILBOAT only)
This calibration setting has no effect on ST8001 or ST8002 systems
Gybe inhibit (SAILBOAT only)
This calibration setting has no effect on ST8001 or ST8002 systems
Wind selection (SAILBOAT only)
This screen determines whether the boat steers to apparent or true wind in Wind
Vane mode.
Options
WIND APP (Default)
WIND TRUE
SmartPilot steers to apparent wind angle
SmartPilot steers to true wind angle
WindTrim (SAILBOAT only)
WindTrim controls how quickly the SmartPilot responds to changes in the wind
direction. Higher wind trim settings will result in a system that is more responsive
to wind changes.
Screen Text
Options
WIND TRIM
Range = 1 to 9
1 to 3 - Least responsive to wind changes (less system
activity)
4 to 6 - Moderate response to wind changes
7 to 9 - Most responsive to wind changes (more system
activity)
Response level
This sets the default SmartPilotresponselevel setting. Theresponselevel controls
the relationship between course keeping accuracy and the amount of helm/drive
activity. You can make temporary changes to response during normal operation,
as described in Chapter 1, SmartPilot Operation.
24
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
S1G, S2G and S3G systems
Screen Text
Options
Range = 1 to 9
RESPONSE
levels9 to 7 gives thetightest course keeping and great-
estrudderactivity(andpowerconsumption). Thiscanlead
to a rough passage in open waters as the SmartPilot may
‘fight’ the sea.
levels6 to4should give good course keeping with crisp,
well controlled turns under normal operating conditions.
levels 3 to 1 minimizes the amount of pilot activity. This
conserves power, but may compromise short-term course-
keeping accuracy.
Non-G SmartPilot systems
Screen Text
Options
AutoSeastate on (Automatic deadband).
RESPONSE 1
The SmartPilot will gradually ignore repetitive boat move-
ments and only react to true variations in course. This pro-
vides the best compromise between power consumption
and course keeping accuracy.
AutoSeastate off (minimum deadband).
Thissettingprovidestightercoursekeepingbutwillleadto
increased power consumption and drive unit activity.
RESPONSE 2
RESPONSE 3
AutoSeastate off + counter rudder yaw damping.
This setting provides the tightest possible course keeping
by introducing counter rudder yaw damping.
25
Chapter 3: Fault Finding & Maintenance
All Raymarine products are designed to provide many years of trouble-free
operation. We also put them through comprehensive testing and quality
assurance procedures before shipping.
This chapter provides information about identifying problems, interpreting alarm
messages, maintaining your SmartPilot and obtaining product support.
If a fault occurs with your SmartPilot, use the fault finding tables in this section to
help identify the problem and provide a solution. If you cannot resolve the
problem yourself, refer to the product support information.
3.1 Fault finding
SYMPTOM
POSSIBLE CAUSE and SOLUTION
Display is blank
No power – check the power and SeaTalk fuses on
course computer, then check main fuse/circuit
breaker.
Data page display shows
stationary dashes
The control unit is not receiving necessary data from
other instruments – check cabling.
Displayshows rotating dashes Compass calibration in progress (see SmartPilot
Commissioning Guide).
Displayed compass heading
doesnotagreewiththe boat’s deviation and alignment procedures (see SmartPilot
compass Commissioning Guide).
You have not calibrated the compass. Carry out the
No display bar on the display Rudder bar switched off in Display Calibration –
select RUDD BARor STEER BAR.
Rudder bar display moves in
Reverse the red and green rudder position sensor
opposite direction to rudder connections at the course computer.
Boat turns slowly and takes a Ruddergaintoolow. CompleteAutoLearnorincrease
long time to come onto course gain setting.
Boatovershootswhenturning Rudder gain too high. Complete AutoLearn or
onto a new course
decrease gain setting.
The SmartPilot ‘hunts’ when
trying to position the rudder
Adjust the RUDD DAMPsetting (see SmartPilot
Commissioning Guide). Increase the damping one
level at a time until the autopilot stops hunting, and
always use the lowest acceptable value.
26
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
SYMPTOM
POSSIBLE CAUSE and SOLUTION
The SmartPilot appears to be Northerly/Southerly heading correction (AutoAdapt)
unstable on Northerly
headings in the Northern
hemisphere (or Southerly
headings in the Southern
hemisphere)
is not set up (see SmartPilot Commissioning Guide).
[Does not apply to S1G, S2G and S3G systems.]
You cannot enter Seatrial
Calibration
Seatrialcalibrationlockison–turnoff thecalibration
protection feature in Dealer Calibration (see SmartPi-
lot Commissioning Guide).
The SmartPilot will not ‘talk’ Cabling problem – make sure all the cables are con-
to other SeaTalk instruments nected properly.
Position information not
received
Navigator not transmitting the correct position data.
No bearing to waypoint information received from
The SmartPilot will not auto
advance to the next waypoint the navigator.
Non-Raymarine 24 V
autopilots clutch slipping
Check that the clutch fuse is in the correct position.
E.g. 24 V position for 24 V clutches.
When holding a constant
The Autopilot is connected to a Raymarine Pathfinder
course in STANDBY mode, the unit with the “Bridge NMEA Heading” option
heading continuously changes switched on. Disable this feature on the Pathfinder
unit.
SmartPilot alarm messages
When the SmartPilot detects a fault or failure on the system, it will activate one of
the alarm messages listed in the following table.
•
Unless otherwise stated, you should respond to the alarm by pressing
standbytoclearthealarmandreturntomanualcontrol,beforeyouattempt
to resolve the problem.
•
In some situations, the SmartPilot will raise more than one alarm. When you
have dealt with the first alarm, it will display the next alarm.
Chapter 3: Fault Finding & Maintenance
27
ALARM MESSAGE
POSSIBLE CAUSE and SOLUTION
Possible fault with rudder position sensor – check connections.
OR
AUTO RELEASE
Stern (I/O) drives only – you have taken manual control of steering
withAutoReleaseon. Thealarmcancels automatically after10sec-
onds.
Serious drive failure – the drive is taking too much current due to
short-circuit or jamming. Check the drive unit.
CURRENT LIMIT
DRIVE STOPPED
Theautopilotisunabletoturntherudder(thisoccursiftheweather
loadonhelmistoohigh, or iftherudderposition sensorhaspassed
beyond the preset rudder limits or rudder end-stops).
Check drive and rudder position sensor.
Supply voltage has dropped below acceptable limits.
To respond to a Low Battery alarm:
LOW BATTERY
• press standby to clear the alarm and return to hand steering
• start the engine to recharge the battery
AutoLearn not completed successfully.
Failure codes:
LRN FAIL 1, 2or 4
1= AutoLearn has not been carried out (default setting)
2= AutoLearn failed, usually due to manual interruption
4= AutoLearn failed, probably due to drive or compass failure
Repeat the AutoLearn procedure.
Motor cables are connected to power terminals (and power cables
are connected to motor terminals) at course computer. Turn off
power and swap over connections.
MOT POW
SWAPPED
Caused by any of the following situations:
• the compass is not connected
NO DATA
• the autopilot is in Wind Vane mode and it has not received wind
angle data for 30 seconds
• the autopilot is in Track mode and:
• the autopilot is not receiving SeaTalk navigation data, or
• the position sensor (GPS, Loran, Decca) is receiving a low
strength signal – this will clear when the signal improves
Check connections to the compass, wind instrument and naviga-
tor.
Note: The autopilot stops adjustingthe heading as soon as it loses
data.
The controller is not receiving data from the SmartPilot computer.
Check connections and check course computer is switched on.
NO PILOT
28
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
ALARM MESSAGE
POSSIBLE CAUSE and SOLUTION
GyroPlus yaw sensor has failed:
RG FAIL
• If you have a S1G, S2G or S3G course computer with internal
GyroPlus sensor – call a Raymarine service agent.
• If you have a Non-Gscourse computer with external GyroPlus
yaw sensor – check the sensor and connections, then call a Ray-
marine service agent.
SeaTalk data problem on one of the SeaTalk lines – check connec-
tions.
SEATALKand
FAIL 1 or 2
The control unit cannot transmit data to the SeaTalk system. Make
sure all SeaTalk cables are connected properly.
SEATALKand FAIL
3.2 General maintenance
Routine checks
CAUTION: Do not dismantle SmartPilot products
The SmartPilot computer and controller do not contain any user
serviceable parts. They should be serviced only by authorized
Raymarine service technicians.
The SmartPilot computer does NOT contain user-serviceable parts. If you remove
the main cover you will invalidate the warranty. The controller is also a sealed
unit, so user maintenance is limited to the following checks
•
make sure all cable connectors are firmly attached
•
examine for signs of wear or damage – replace any damaged cables
Note: Do not use chemical or abrasive materials to clean the SmartPilot computer. If the
case is dirty, wipe it with a clean, damp cloth.
Cleaning the display
CAUTION: Avoid damage when cleaning
Take care when cleaning the display. Avoid wiping the display
screen with a dry cloth as this could scratch the screen coating. If
necessary, use only a mild detergent.
•
Never use chemical or abrasive materials to clean the controller. If it is dirty,
wipe it with a clean, damp cloth.
•
In certainconditions, condensationmay appearinside the display screen. This
willnotharm the unit, and youcanclearitbyswitchingontheilluminationfor
a short time.
Chapter 3: Fault Finding & Maintenance
29
EMC advice
•
When powered up, all electrical equipment produces electromagnetic fields.
These can cause adjacent pieces of electrical equipment to interact with one
another, with a consequent adverse effect on operation.
•
To minimize these effects and enable you to get the best possible perfor-
mance from your Raymarine equipment, guidelines are given in the installa-
tion instructions, to enable you to ensure minimum interaction between
different items of equipment, i.e. ensure optimum Electromagnetic Compati-
bility (EMC).
•
•
Always report any EMC-related problems to your nearest Raymarine dealer.
We use such information to improve our quality standards.
In some installations, it may not be possible to prevent the equipment from
being affected by external influences. In general this will not damage the
equipment but it can lead to spurious resetting action, or momentarily may
result in faulty operation.
Product support
Raymarine provides a comprehensive customer support service, on the world
wide web and by telephone help line. Please use either of these facilities ifyou are
unable to rectify a problem.
World wide web
Please visit the Customer Support area of our web site at:
As well as providing a comprehensive Frequently Asked Questions section and
servicinginformation,thewebsitegivese-mailaccesstotheRaymarineTechnical
Support Department and a details of the locations of Raymarine agents,
worldwide.
Telephone help line
If you do not have access to the world wide web, please call our help line.
In the USA, call:
•
•
+1 800 539 5539, extension 2444 or
+1 603 881 5200 extension 2444
In the UK, Europe the Middle East or the Far East, call:
•
+44 (0) 23 9271 4713 (voice)
•
+44 (0) 23 9266 1228 (fax)
30
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Help us to help you
When requesting service, please quote the following product information:
•
•
•
•
Equipment type.
Model number.
Serial number.
Software issue number.
Software information
The following illustration shows how to display the software information:
•
press and hold standby for 4 seconds:
•
•
after 2 seconds you will see the DISPLAY CAL screen
then after another 2 seconds you see controller software version
•
•
press disp to display the computer software version
press dispagaintodisplay the total numberofhours the SmartPilot hasbeen
used in Auto mode.
Software Information
standby
standby
4 seconds
1 second
Control unit
software version
1 second
Time autopilot
used in Auto
Course computer
software version
1 second
D5494-2
32
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
33
Specifications
ST8002 control unit
Nominal supply voltage:
Operating voltage range:
12 V DC via SeaTalk
10 V to 15 V DC
Current consumption (in Standby mode) 50 mA (less than 120 mA with full lighting)
Operating temperature:
Water protection:
0 °C to +70 °C (32 °F to 158 °F)
waterproof to CFR46
Overall dimensions:
width
175 mm (6.9 in)
115 mm (4.53 in)
54 mm (2.13 in)
height
depth
Keypad:
9 button illuminated keypad, with rotary control
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
showsheading, locked courseand navigationaldata, and
up to 15 data pages
LCD illumination:
Input connections:
Output connections:
CE approvals:
3 brightness levels + off; 15 contrast levels
SeaTalk (x2) and NMEA 0183
SeaTalk (x2)
conforms to: 89/336/EC (EMC), EN60945:1997
SmartPilot computer functions
SmartPilot computer
S1G, S2G and S3G systems
Non-G systems
• Internal GyroPlus yaw sensor
•Enhanced course keeping using AST
•FastTrim
• Full access to AutoLearn, providing
automatic steering calibration
• Improved track-keeping
•Full basic functionality
•Improved track-keeping
•Steers to true and apparent wind in Wind Vane
mode
•Improved calibration access, but without
AutoLearn
• Steers to true and apparent wind in Wind
Vane mode
• Improved calibration access
•Uses Raymarine steering algorithm without AST
•No FastTrim
34
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
Glossary
Meaning
Term
AST
Advanced Steering Technology(AST) isRaymarine’sunique advanced steering
algorithm. It uses inputs from a wide variety of sensors to tune the autopilot’s
operation to provide superior control of the boat in any condition.
AutoLearn
AutoTrim
Self-learning calibration feature available on S1G, S2G and S3G autopilot sys-
tems.
TheAutoTrimsettingdetermines therateatwhichtheautopilotapplies‘stand-
ing helm’ to correct for trim changes caused by varying wind loadson the sails
or superstructure.
AWG
CE
American Wire Gauge.
Marked on Raymarine products that comply with defined European Commu-
nity standards.
counter rudder
Counter rudder is the amount of rudder the autopilot applies to try to prevent
the boat from yawing off course. Higher counter rudder settings result in more
rudder being applied.
CR pump
DC
Constant Running hydraulic pump.
Direct current.
EMC
(Electromagnetic
Compatibility)
When powered up, all electrical equipment produces electromagnetic fields.
These can cause adjacent pieces of electrical equipment to interact with one
another, and this can degrade their performance. By following the EMC guide-
lines in this handbook, you can minimize these effects by ensuring optimum
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) between equipment.
Fluxgate
GPS
Standard Raymarine compass supplied with course computer core pack.
Global Positioning System.
GyroPlus
Raymarine’s GyroPlus yaw sensor that measures the boat’s rate of turn. It is
built into the S1G, S2G and S3G course computers.
I/O drive
MOB
nm
Inboard/Outboard or stern drive.
Man overboard.
Nautical mile.
Glossary
35
Meaning
Term
NMEA
The NMEA (National Maritime Electronics Association) protocol is an interna-
tionally accepted serial communication interface standard for sharing data
between electronic equipment. Raymarine products can share information
with non-SeaTalk equipment using the NMEA 0183 protocol.
response
The autopilotresponse level controls the relationshipbetween course keeping
accuracy and the amount of helm/drive activity.
rudder gain
SeaTalk
Rudder gain is a measure of how much helm the autopilot will apply to correct
course errors. The higher the setting the more rudder will be applied.
SeaTalk is Raymarine’s proprietary communication system. It links the prod-
ucts to provide a single, integrated system sharing power and data.
SeaTalk bus
This refers to the continuous SeaTalk system connecting together a series of
Raymarine units.
SM
Statute (land) mile.
VHF
Very High Frequency (radio).
WindTrim
WindTrim (wind response) controls how quickly the autopilot responds to
changes in the wind direction. Higher wind trim settings will result in a pilot
that is more responsive to wind changes.
XTE
Yaw
Cross track error.
The boat’s rate of turn (°/sec).
36
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
37
Index
A
Alarms, 26
AUTO RELEASE, 27
CURRENT LIMIT, 27
DRIVE STOPPED, 27
LARGE XTE, 14
LOW BATT, 27
LRN FAIL, 27
MOB, 22
MOT POW SWAPPED, 27
NEXT WPT, 17
NO DATA, 27
Gybe inhibit, 10, 23
NO PILOT, 27
OFF COURSE, 10
RG FAIL, 28
SEATALK FAIL 1 or 2, 28
SEATALK/STLK FAIL, 28
SHALLOW, 22
H
Help lines, 29
I
WINDSHIFT, 20
Auto mode, 5
AutoTack, 10
Keypad
Changing course, 5
Dodging obstacles, 6
Off course warning, 10
AutoRelease
Alarm, 27
L
AutoTack, 10, 23
Learn fail alarm, 27
Lighting, 10
C
Low battery alarm, 27
Contrast, 11
Controller
M
Specifications, 33
Course changes, 5
Cross track error
Explanation, 14
LARGE XTE warning, 14
Current limit alarm, 27
Maintenance, 28
Man Overboard alarm, 22
Motor boats
Power Steer, 6
Motor/Power swapped alarm, 27
38
ST8002 SmartPilot Controller Operating Guide
N
Next WPT warning, 17
No data alarm, 27
No pilot alarm, 27
Cross track error, 14
O
Off course warning, 10
P
Tidal compensation, 15
Waypoint names, 21
Performance adjustment, 8
non-G systems, 9
S1G, S2G and S3G systems, 8
Power steer, 6
Preventing gybes, 10
Product support, 29
R
Advance, 16
Response level, 23
RG fail alarm, 28
Rotary Control, 3
Route completed, 17
Wind angle
S
Safety notices, i
Track mode, 13
Sailboats
AutoTack, 10
Preventing gybes, 10
SeaTalk
Operating hints, 20
SeaTalk fail 1 or 2, 28
SeaTalk fail alarm, 28
Service, 29
Settings
AutoTack, 23
Gybe inhibit, 23
Response level, 23
User calibration, 22
Wind type, 23
WindTrim, 23
Shallow alarm, 22
SmartPilot
Disengaging, 5
Engaging, 5
Functions, 1
Specifications, 33
Standby Mode, 5
Switching on/off, 2
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